(Note that the screens may vary depending on your edition of SQL- these instructions are mostly meant for SQL Express and Workground installations).
Installing SQL Server 2008 R2To install SQL Server browse the cd and find and double click the Setup.exe file that has the green square with white arrow icon.

Select New installation or add features to an existing installation.

It will start to install the Support Rules. When the rules have finished, the number of Failed, Warning, and Skipped should be zero. Click OK.

Enter in the Product Key that came with the software and click Next.

Accept the licensing terms and click Next.

Click Install to setup the Support Files.

When the Support Files have finished, the number of Failed, Warning, and Skipped should be zero. Depending on the security setup on the pc there could be warnings on .Net and the Fire Wall. If any failed, click the Re-run button to see if it can correct the problem. Then Click Next.

Not all SQL features are needed. Select All Features with Defaults and click Next to bring up the features list.

The two features that are not needed and can be deselected are Analysis Services and Reporting Services. All other features are required. Click Next.

When the Installation Rules have finished, the number of Failed, Warning, and Skipped should be zero. If any failed, click the Re-run button to see if it can correct the problem. Then Click Next.

Select Default Instance and the Instance ID and Instance root directory, and click Next.

If the hard drive space is sufficient click Next.

Accept the defaults on the Server Configuration and click Next.

For the Database Engine Configuration select Windows authentication mode and click Next.

Click Next on Error Reporting.

When the Installation Configuration Rules have finished, the number of Failed, Warning, and Skipped should be zero. If any failed, click the Re-run button to see if it can correct the problem. Then Click Next.

Click Next on Ready to Install.

When the Installation Progress has finished click Next.

If the process completes successfully click Close.